Arab Health Care Practices Essay - 926 Words

The Arab Health Care Practices There is a high priority that is placed on education among the Arabs. In comparison with the average American, the U.S born and foreign-born Arabs are more educated. According to United States Census Bureau, majority of the occupational position the Arab are managerial and professional career. Not many Arabs works in farming, forestry, fishing, production, crafts and or operators and fabricators (Purnell, 2013). Most of the reasons for the Arab isolating lifestyle behavior is due to the religious belief, cultural values and norms, and the communication barriers. The Arabic is the official language of the Arab (Purnell, 2013). For the formal situations and writings, modern or classical Arabic are used and†¦show more content†¦More so, the religious belief supports the care as a religious responsibility related to combined meaning of honor. The health care providers must gain the trust and personal relationship to gather personal health related information and assessing the condition of the individual. For the Arabs, respectful gestures such as greetings, acceptance and pleasant behaviors is important for the Arabs. The health care providers and nurses must provide time to know the Arab patient and establish rapport and allowing the patient to be comfortable before exploring into the health care problems. This will allow the Arab patient to verbalize and provide information needed in assessing the health care issues. More so, the provision of information and education related to the health topics is essential for effective interventions and treatments. The family involvement with health care and interpretation of the measures and treatment must be included in the health care plan of the patient. The health care provider must be conscious with the modest behavior of the Arab patients. The health care provider must be conscious of the unnecessary touching of the patient between the adult opposite sexes. The possible provision of male health care provider to a female Arab patient can be a way to allow the patient to be comfortableShow MoreRelatedBusiness Functions Of Context II Course Code1656 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Arab Open University Tutor Marked Assignment (TMA) Academic Year 2015 - 2016 Semester: First Branch: Badaro Program: Business Studies Course Title: Business functions in context II Course Code:B203B Student Name: Hassan Nehme Student ID: 140607 Section Number: 218 Tutor Name: Mr. Maher Abou-Hamad Mark details Allocated Marks Questions Essay Question Total (100) Weight 100 Marks Deduction Criteria Presentation (0-4) Referencing (0-4) Word Count (0-4) E-Library (0-4) Total deductionRead MoreAmerica s Strategic Thinkers Who Think Asia Essay1619 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Middle East to Asia will be the focus of this paper, in which the writer agreed with the assumption. Moreover, there will be reasons why the Middle East is ‘still’ more important than Asia, along with comparison for each. And by the end of this essay, with backing from the main part, the conclusion will be able to show the supports for the mentioned opinion. To begin, we will start with the historical background of the US with the Middle East and Asia (mostly the US and the Middle East), in orderRead MoreThe Authentic Culture Of The Gay International 2115 Words   |  9 Pages The following essay will explore the authentic culture of the ‘Gay International’, through Scott Longs claims within ‘The trials of culture; sex and security in Egypt’. The essay, will provide a sense of ‘Sexuality Rights’ and consider the current human rights claims in relation to sexuality rights within human rights structures and processes. The purpose of this essay is to illustrate the troublesome but predictable disjunctures which continue to constrain the evolution of coherent and progressiveRead MoreIn The Crossfire2281 Words   |  10 Pagesfundamental than that; what we all need is access to health care. A strong health care system is synonymous with a healthy living environment and a healthy population. In the United States, we might not have the best health care system, but it is accessible and well established in our culture. Many of the areas of the world that are poverty stricken and in the midst of civil war have little to no forms of health care, but these are the areas that need health care the most. According to Paula Saravia’s slidesRead MoreA Research Study On The Three Patch Presentation Topics That Consisted Of Organ Donation For The Biology Patch2193 Words   |  9 PagesPATCHWORK REFLECTIVE ESSAY The aim of this essay is to critically reflect on the three patch presentation topics that consisted of organ donation for the biology patch, caring for the â€Å"concepts in health care† patch and finally, Freud’s psychosexual theory of development for the life-course patch. It will do this by exploring what was learnt and addressing the feedback given, and its relevance and application to clinical practice. Finally, it will evaluate the process of the patchwork presentationsRead MoreThe Role Of Physician Pharmacist As Patient Safety And Medication Use2439 Words   |  10 Pagespharmacy has become a dominant part of the pharmacist s role to enhance patient care. Gradually the pharmacist’s task extended to ensure that a patient’s drug therapy is properly indicated, the most effective possible, the safest available, and suitable for the patient. The term clinical pharmacy is used now generally to all pharmacists to illustrate the education, skills and atti tudes needed to enhance patient care. As better clinical patient outcome became more dependent on the collaboration ofRead MoreThe Family As A Social Institution1569 Words   |  7 Pagesstructure. Modernity was the cause of splitting the idea of family into more than one type. Today, people still think that nuclear and single-parent families are not common in Lebanon; however, these families are on the rise in our country. In this essay, I will explain how extended families changed into nuclear families, and then how nuclear families divided to become single-parent families. There have been many questions about the types of families in Lebanon, whether they are extended orRead More Is There Political Will in Egypt to Promote Gender Equality?1481 Words   |  6 Pages Although gender inequality is experienced by women in many parts of the world, it is quite excessive in the Arab world. In this essay I will be using Egypt as a case study. Cultural and traditional norms play a huge role in the oppression of women when it comes to illeteracy, female circumsision, and domestic violence. Everyday less fortunate innocent girls are born into a society where the above is accepted by most of the society and is percieved as a norm. Religion is a very contraditing topicRead MoreCommunication And Health And Social Care9509 Words   |  39 Pages In the start of my essay I am going to apply the relevant theories for communication to health and social care contexts. Theory can be defined as a formal statement of the rules on which a subject of study is based or of ideas that are suggested to explain a fact or event or, more generally, an opinion or explanation. (Cambridge Dictionary, 2014) In health and social care settings effective communication between professionals and patients is essential, as a result, it is imperative to understandRead MoreEssay on Islam and Science2729 Words   |  11 Pages(Science: The Islamic Legacy 3). At this early date, the Islamic dynasty of the Umayyads showed a great interest in science. The Dark Ages for Europeans were centuries of philosophical and scientific discovery and development for Muslim scholars. The Arabs at the time assimilated the ancient wisdom of Persia and the classical heritage of Greece, as well as adapting their own ways of thinking (Hitti 363). The Islamic ability to reconcile monotheism and science prooves to be a first time in human thought

Immigration Perpectives in US - 1473 Words

Starting with the first pilgrims immigrating to the United States in the early 1600s, immigrants have been coming to American in search of religious freedom and the opportunity to make more money. The United States is a country that was founded by and has grown exponentially as a direct result of immigration. A survey from the United States Census Bureau in 2009 showed the current number of immigrants living in America was 38,517,234. (http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states-1) Each immigrant from around the world brings with them culture, lifestyle and religious differences that may seem strange or odd when compared to our current cultures. The ability to†¦show more content†¦Without unwrapping the more specific details of both Christianity and Judaism, it is easy to see that a very important core belief of Christianity is not recognized in Judaism. If it is possible to set ones religious beliefs aside for a moment and review the goals of the five major religions, summed up as basically living a good and wholesome life in hopes of some type of afterlife, it is easy to understand most are striving for the same goal. Getting caught up in the debate of who is right and who is wrong clouds the issue of understanding a way of life or even respecting the difference and moving on. If we can apply Weber’s view of neutrality and understand the principles of living a good life and being a good human, I believe all faith and non-faith beliefs can not only coexist but learn from each other. Romans, Russians, Mongols, British, Spanish, Germans, Muslims, Armenians, Macedonians, Americans and many other societies at some point have tried to rule the world. Through Monarchy, Dictatorship, Aristocracy, Oligarchy, or Democracy, these counties have conquered lands, changed world religions, murdered millions, stolen, oppressed free speech, suppressed individualism and pressured other countries and nations to believe in their way of thought. Why did these leaders think they could oppress values or belief system of their victims and introduce their own social

Writing a Great Research Paper free essay sample

Review the entire program, or specific sections, as many times as you find necessary in order to master the material. Perhaps most importantly: Dont forget to take advantage of your pause button while viewing the program. Keep plenty of scrap paper handy so you can jot down ideas, work through concepts, and more. And finally, be sure to use the myriad onscreen graphics to take notes for yourself ? when youre done, youll have a notebook you can refer back to again and again. Writing a Great Research Paper: Picking an A+ Topic 1 DVD 1 her. 2 miss. Item #Vale-1914 price $49. 95 ISBN 1-57385-191. PUC 600459191498 copyright C 2007 Video Aided Instruction, Inc. TO all users of the Video Aided Instruction publication named above, permission is hereby granted to create one (1) paper imprint of this document per person. In addition, teachers and librarians may reproduce paper imprints Of this document in quantities not to exceed one hundred (100) imprints annually. All imprints and reproductions made must retain all copyright notices contained herein. This authorization is granted for this specific document only, and only when the document is used along with the publication named above.Any reproduction or distribution of this electronic document file itself for example, copying this file to or from an Internet server, a disc, or an email message is strictly prohibited. In addition, no part of this document may be reproduced by any means or for any purpose other than as an aid during self-study or group instruction along with the aforementioned publication. Product names, logos, brands, and other trademarks featured or referred to within Video Aided Instructions products and study guides are the reporter of their respective trademark holders.They are not affiliated with Video Aided Instruction, Inc. And do not sponsor or endorse our materials. For more information, visit: http://www. videoaidedinstruction. Com/ trademarks Other Video Aided Instruction products include: 2 About Your Instructor Complete English Grammar Series 10 programs on 10 DVDs Karl Weber, M. A. , is an educator, editor, and bestselling author in fields ranging from business to politics to test preparation. He has worked on books with such noted figures as management guru Adrian Shallowly, Loses Hotels CEO Jonathan M.Ditch, and President Jimmy Carter. TO inquire about any of our products: web: videoaidedinstruction. Com email: [emailprotected] Com phone: 1-800 -238-1512 or 516-939- 0707 fax: 516-935-5552 mail: Video Aided Instruction, Inc. P. O. Box 332 Rosily Heights, NY 11577- 0332 Part 1: What Is a Research Paper? The Definition of a Research Paper A research paper is a paper that: presents an original approach to some academic topic, organized around a central thesis, using insights based on research, and citing sources in a scholarly fashion.Part 2: From Subject to Topic The Hierarchy of a Research Paper Research papers (and most examples of scholarly writing) follow the following hierarchy, focusing down from a highly general subject to a highly specific thesis: What Is Your Subject? If you were assigned a subject, write it here: If you were not assigned a subject, consider these strategies: #1. Look at the Table of Contents in the textbook for the course youre studying. Which chapter, part, or section names cover people, things, places, events, or ideas that you have found especially interesting? Your subject could be one of these general areas. #2.Take a stroll through the library or bookstore, paying careful attention to books, periodicals, and other media that are related to the course youre studying. Your subject could be one of the general areas covered by these materials. #3. Ask your teachers or professors for some guidance: In their experience, what sorts of subjects have their most successful students covered in their research papers? What sorts of subjects have they rarely seen a research paper cover but would find most interesting? List some potential subjects here (later, when you decide on your specific subject, circle 3 Copyright C 2007 Video Aided Instruction, Inc.All Rights Reserved What IS your TOPiC? If you were assigned a topic, write it here: For more information, call 1-800 -238-1512 or visit us online at videoaidedinstruction. Com. F you were not assigned a topic, consider these strategies for exploring various facets of your subject in order to focus on a topic: #1 . Think about an important turning point in the events within your subject. Your topic could elate to the causes or effects of this turning point. #2. Think about some fact you discovered that surprised you about your subject, something that thwarted your expectations. What made it surprising?Why did you expect something else? Your topic could relate to why your expectations were wrong. #3. Think about an oversimplification that is commonly made regarding your Us object. Your topic could relate to the complexities that undermine this oversimplification. #4. Think about a trend or story that connects several different events within your subject. Your topic could relate to connecting these events together, tracing the trend or story along the way. #5. Think about two or more situations or personalities within your subject that have qualities that are either similar or different. What caused them to have these qualities?What effects did these qualities have? Your topic could relate to comparing and/or contrasting these situations or personalities. #6. Take a stroll through the library or bookstore, paying careful attention to books, periodicals, and other media that are related to the course youre studying. When you find an interesting topic that is only addressed in about a dozen or so materials, consider addressing a similar or related topic in your research paper. #7. Ask your teachers or professors for some guidance: In their experience, what sorts of topics have their most successful students covered in their research papers?What sorts of topics have they rarely seen a research paper cover but would find most interesting? Your topic shouldnt be so broad that literally hundreds of books or articles have been written about it ( in which case it would be too broad, and thus large enough to be noninsured a subject). Your topic shouldnt be so narrow that only a handful of books or articles have been written about it (in which case it would be too narrow, and thus you would not be able to locate sufficient research sources).

Safety Engineering

Introduction Some fundamentals of safety engineering When speaking about safety engineering, I would like to consider some fundamentals of the so-called requirements engineering. First of all, I would like to point out that RE is considered to be a collection of the tasks, which are to be done in an ongoing manner. It should be pointed out that because of poor requirements some problems appear.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Safety Engineering specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Generally, ambiguous requirements are related to safety issues. For instance, when speaking about safe systems, it is necessary to clarify how safe the system should be or in what way the system should be safe. When speaking about safety engineering, one is to keep in mind the definition of the term. Thus, safety engineering is considered to be â€Å"the engineering discipline within systems engineering that lowers the risk of accidental h arm to valuable assets to an acceptable level to legitimate stakeholders† (Firesmith 22). Basic safety concepts include safety mechanisms, certain goals and policies, safety risks, hazards, safety events, accidental harm, valuable assets, safety quality subfactors and safety as a quality factor. So, let’s consider the last safety concept in detail. First of all, one is to keep in mind that safety captures the degree to which safety risks can be lowered; hazards can be mitigated; accidents and incidents can be avoided (or at least when the consequences of hazardous events can be limited or mitigated). The corresponding safety subfactors include safety problem type and safety solution type. The fist category (safety problem type) consists of accidental harm, safety event, hazards, and safety risk. Safety solution type includes prevention, detection, reaction and adaptation. So, safety problem type and safety solution type form the so-called safety subfactors. When speakin g about certain negative consequences safety measures are related to, there is a need to highlight the meaning of harm. So, the harm is recognized as to be any major (important) negative result to a valuable asset. Accidental harm is â€Å"any unauthorized unintentional (i.e., non-malicious) harm (i.e., due to an accident)† (Firesmith 27). Harm severity allows us to understand the amount of harm. Such categorization can be clearly identified or, on the contrary, unambiguously. Harm severity categories may include catastrophic conditions, severe-major conditions, major conditions, minor conditions, and no-effect conditions.Advertising Looking for essay on engineering? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Safety-related events include an accident trigger, a harm event, and a hazardous event. Safety hazards include danger, hazard, and threat. Safety goals seem to be the desires concerning safety conditions. The following statem ents are related to safety desires: no serious accidents must occur; the system, the equipment, etc. is to be safe; however, the peculiarity of safety goals is that they are considered to be unrealistic. In other words, it is impossible to guarantee that no serious accidents can be. On the other hand, it is also necessary to understand that goals can’t be compared with the requirements. Generally, â€Å"a major problem is safety goals that are specified as if they were verifiable requirements† (Firesmith 46). Safety policy gives us an opportunity to achieve various safety goals. In most cases, safety policies are mostly associated with safety requirements; however, the difference between these two notions is substantial. Safety-related requirements include safety constraints, safety-significant requirements, safety subsystem requirements, and safety requirements. The importance of safety culture and management To achieve safety goals, any organization is to be familiar with safety culture. So, what is the safety culture? A culture is a shared set of norms and values, a way of looking at and interpreting the world and events around us (our mental model) and taking action in a social context. Safety culture is the subset of culture that reflects the general attitude and approaches to safety and risk management (Leveson 245). In Tulsa University, there is no lack of clear safety policies and programs for the students and the university in general. Of course, this situation doesn’t put the lives of students, staff, and the whole of the university community at considerable risk; however, there are no major subjects or courses, which discuss the aspects of safety engineering. Leveson states that safety culture seems to be the subset of â€Å"an organizational or industry culture that reflects the general attitude and approaches to safety and risk management. It is important to note that trying to change culture without changing the environment in which it is embedded is doomed to failure† (p. 2).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Safety Engineering specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since we already know the importance of safety engineering and that it shows up in every other field, for example, mechanical, chemical and electrical engineering, you still can not study safety engineering in Tulsa University, because it is not available, as a major subject to study, even with knowing how important and popular this major is becoming. Safety engineering is really the important science as it gives the students the opportunity to learn the fundamentals of safety regulations. For instance, the students could learn the basic first-aid measures in a case of various accidents. While studying safety engineering, the students could become familiar with general safety regulations to ensure the safety of people. For instance, everybody knows that â€Å"Fire, open lights, and smoking are forbidden in specially posted areas. In addition, smoking is forbidden in all forest areas and in areas where unsealed radioactive substances are handled† (â€Å"General Safety Regulations,† 4). The students could study in details not only the basic regulations, but they could realize the importance of safety engineering when studying the major properly. Safety engineering gives the students an opportunity to enlarge their knowledge concerning safety. For instance, the students could learn that devices and equipment of IT â€Å"may be put into operation by authorized persons only. It is the responsibility of each organizational unit to specify regulations for admittance and for their use and to control the observance of the regulations† (â€Å"General Safety Regulations,† 4). Still, when speaking about a strong safety culture, there is a need to disclose the role of the organizational structure. So, some safety groups in Tulsa Univ ersity must be created. The formal safety roles are to be distributed among executives. On the other hand, organizational subsystems are also to be created. So, safety engineering must be based on â€Å"safety information systems to support planning, analysis and decision making; reward and reinforcement systems; selection and retention systems that promote safety knowledge, skills, and ability; learning and feedback systems from incidents, operational anomalies, and other aspects of operational experience† (Leveson 246). Certain procedures, which are related to the above-mentioned statement, are to be considered in detail. Of course, these procedures are significant, when discussing safety concerns. While speaking about the safety information system, I have to point out that communication channels are also extremely important. By the way, these channels can be formal or informal.Advertising Looking for essay on engineering? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The so-called reinforcement systems can help the executives to avoid conflicting incentives. â€Å"Selection and retention systems are relevant to safety with respect to the skill sets and mindsets that are emphasized in hiring† (Leveson 246). I suppose that safety engineering must also include social interaction processes. In other words, the students should study the basic principles of problem-solving and decision-making in respect of safety. They say that, â€Å"problem solving after incidents and operational anomalies is an important component of the safety culture, particularly as it relates to identifying and eliminating root causes rather than merely the symptoms of the deeper problems† (Leveson 246). Individual motivation seems to be an integral part of safety engineering, as it covers numerous factors including uncertainty in facing safety concerns. Of course, the most important points of safety engineering are considered to be safety rules. When speaking abo ut safety activities, one is to keep in mind their basic principles. Thus, system safety should influence decision making; direct communication channels are to be developed. The students must understand that â€Å"safety concerns span the life cycle and safety should be involved in just about every aspect of development and operations. Safety concerns are an integral part of most engineering activities† (Leveson 247). Thus, the importance of implementing the special courses and programs of safety engineering in Tulsa University also depends on the fact that the knowledge on the principles of safety engineering is required for providing the design and maintenance of the system engineering. Moreover, the students should know and understand all the basic principles of the operation and management of the systems and the necessary equipment. It is impossible to provide the effective practice as an engineer without deepening the knowledge on safety engineering. Furthermore, those s tudents who want to become specialists in this sphere should also have the opportunity to realize such intentions in Tulsa University. Safety engineering course or the major is necessary for the students to contribute to their future professional development, to their understanding the principles of the safety risk management and knowing the ways of solving its challenges with references to the knowledge on hazard identification, hazard assessment, and its further reduction. It is important to develop the course for the future engineering managers and practitioners where they could consult professionals in relation to the most significant questions and issues of this scientific field. It is necessary to have the opportunity not only to receive the basic knowledge on the principles of safety engineering but also focus on this problem in detail and to have a chance to get the specific qualification. According to these requirements, the course in safety engineering should be organized in such a way to provide the complex analysis of the issues of hazard identification, risk reduction, and safety management. It is possible to realize with references to definite case studies as the examples of the accidents and incidents. It is also important for students to discuss the peculiarities of the specific terminology, necessary standards, and paradigms in safety engineering in the context of the separate course or program the completion of which could give the students more opportunities. Conclusion Generally, safety engineering processes must be consistent, performed collaboratively and properly interwoven. On the other hand, safety engineering requires appropriate expertise, tools, special techniques, innovative methods, and concepts. In my opinion, the students in the universities should also study basic systems engineering activities, because â€Å"system safety should be treated as an integral component of systems engineering, as is common in the defense industryâ €  (Leveson 49). Works Cited Firesmith, Donald. Engineering Safety-Related Requirements for Software-Intensive Systems. 2005. Web. General Safety Regulations 2005. Web. http://www.knmf.kit.edu/img/KNMF_Safety_Regulations.pdf. Leveson, Nancy. System Safety Engineering: Back to The Future. 2002. Web. http://sunnyday.mit.edu/book2.pdf. This essay on Safety Engineering was written and submitted by user Jacoby Santos to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Atomic Radius Definition and Trend

Atomic Radius Definition and Trend Atomic radius is a term used to describe the size of an atom, however, there is no standard definition for this value. An atomic radius may refer to the ionic radius, covalent radius, metallic radius, or van der Waals radius. Atomic Radius Periodic Table Trends No matter what criteria you use to describe the atomic radius, the size of an atom is dependent on how far out its electrons extend. The atomic radius of an element tends to increase the further down you go in an element group. Thats because the  electrons become more tightly packed as you move across the periodic table, so while there are more electrons for elements of increasing atomic number, the atomic radius may decrease. The atomic radius moving down an element period  or column tends to increase because an additional electron shell is added for each new row. In general, the largest atoms are at the bottom lefthand side of the periodic table. Atomic Radius Versus Ionic Radius The atomic and ionic radius is the same for atoms of neutral elements, such as argon, krypton, and neon. However, many atoms of elements are more stable as atomic ions. If the atom loses its outermost electron, it becomes a cation or positively charged ion. Examples include K and Na. Some atoms might lose multiple outer electrons, such as Ca2. When electrons are removed from an atom, it might lose its outermost electron shell, making the ionic radius smaller than the atomic radius. In contrast, some atoms are more stable if they gain one or more electrons, forming an anion or negatively charged atomic ion. Examples include Cl- and F-. Because another electron shell isnt added, the size difference between the atomic radius and ionic radius of an anion isnt as much as for a cation. The anion ionic radius is the same as or slightly larger than the atomic radius. Overall, the trend for the ionic radius is the same as for the atomic radius: increasing in size moving across and decreasing moving down the periodic table. However, its tricky to measure the ionic radius, not least because charged atomic ions repel each other. Measuring Atomic Radius You cant put atoms under a normal microscope and measure their size- although you can kind of do it using an atomic force microscope. Also, atoms dont sit still for examination; they are constantly in motion. Thus, any measure of atomic (or ionic) radius is an estimate that contains a large margin of error. The atomic radius is measured based on the distance between the nuclei of two atoms that are barely touching each other, which means the electron shells of the two atoms are just touching each other. This diameter between the atoms is divided by two to give the radius. Its important, however, that the two atoms dont share a chemical bond (e.g., O2, H2) because the bond implies an overlap of the electron shells or a shared outer shell. The atomic radii of atoms cited in the literature are usually empirical data taken from crystals. For newer elements, the atomic radii are theoretical or calculated values, based on the probable size of the electron shells. How Big Are Atoms? A picometer is 1-trillionth of a meter. The atomic radius of the hydrogen atom is about 53 picometers.The atomic radius of an iron atom is about 156 picometers.The largest measured atom is cesium, which has a radius of about 298 picometers.

What factors influenced the evolution of Nazi racial policy from Essay

What factors influenced the evolution of Nazi racial policy from 1933-1939 - Essay Example The racial policies of Nazi targeted peoples,  specifically the Jews, as well as the  Gypsies, handicapped and homosexual people. The Nazi racial policy consisted of two components: eugenics and racial extermination. The Nazis therefore attempted to keep their â€Å"race† free from illnesses and abnormalities (eugenics) and keep Aryan race sealed to other †inferior† races.  The eugenics factor saw the Nazis initiate a forced sterilization of hereditary ill and performed euthanasia (emergency killings) to nearly 200,000 physically and mentally disabled Germans.   The other component of the racial policy, racial extermination, was initiated so as to persecute and suppress all non-Aryans, starting with the Jews. However, the gypsies were also incorporated in this melancholic form of â€Å"apartheid†. The belief was that non-Aryans created danger against the German blood as well as the German Volksgemeinschaft (‘people’s community’). The policy also included laws of racial expulsion: the Jews were compelled to emigrate. The fact that this policy was so much successful in Austria in 1938 saw it introduced inside Germany under the motto: Germany for Germans! The eventual leader of the party, Adolf Hitler, was appointed the Chancellor of Germany, in 19933, by President Paul von Hindenburg. Hitler quickly established a totalitarian regime referred to as the Third Reich, and under this the party gained nearly unlimited power. Nazi philosophy emphasized the racial purity of German people. It persecuted those it viewed as either enemies or Lebensunwertes Leben, meaning "life unworthy of life". This consisted the Jews, Roma, Arabs, Slavs, Africans and h77omosexuals together with Jehovahs Witnesses, the physically and/ or mentally disabled, socialists as well as communists. To execute these beliefs, this party and German state that it

Since the early 20th century, ideologies such as Arab nationalism Essay

Since the early 20th century, ideologies such as Arab nationalism Ba'thism and pan-Islamism have enjoyed varying degrees of su - Essay Example Confronted with the obvious failure of Arab ideologies, specifically Arab nationalism, Ba’thist Arab Socialism, and pan-Islamism, to achieve wider Arab unity, several intellectuals resorted yet again to religion. An unnamed writer in Jordan described the experience of the Arab world in the ideological domain throughout the 20th century, and concluded that the Arab world â€Å"never enjoyed a comprehensive ideology except under the State of the Prophet Muhammad and his great Caliphs, Abu-Bakr and Umar† (Rejwan, 1974, p.32). This essay discusses why ideologies such as Arab nationalism, Ba’thism, and pan-Islamism have failed to achieve a wider Arab unity. Arab Nationalism and Arab Unity It was only at the end of the First World War that the relevant concept of the ‘Arab nation’ surfaced and Arab nationalism slowly became a political movement. Intellectuals instead of political figures were at the vanguard of the movement. They adopted the ideology of na tionalism from Europe and they utilised it to break new ground for the Arab nation (Young, Zuelow, & Sturm, 2007). However, Arab nationalism was an utter failure. There were challenging, overwhelming hindrances along its route. Primarily, there were rivalling allegiances to religion, faction, and tribe, as well as opposing identities. Moreover, there was persistent conflict between Egypt, Syria, Iraq, and other regional states and the bigger, inclusive Arab identity. The other, and possibly most unexpected, barrier to the idea of a united Arab world was linguistic differences in the region (Choueiri, 2005). However, the most influential rival of the notion of a secular Arab world was the idea of a unified Islamic community. Islam was one of the grand cosmopolitan ideologies with a right to the loyalty of most Arabs. Islam is more encompassing than pan-Arabism for it did not set apart Arab from non-Arab. The Islamic community was a union wherein ethnic background is irrelevant. Given these profound and persistent rifts and differences, it was an almost unachievable mission to attain the two core goals of Arab nationalism—sovereignty and unity. Another goal was created at the end of the Second World War—to protect Arab ownership of Palestine. The 1948 Arab-Israeli War was the critical stage in the fight for Palestine (Joffe, 1983). It was expected that Arab unity would be built on the combat zone against a single adversary. It was the most important ordeal for the newly autonomous Arab states, but they did not pass the test. The failure of these states to synchronise their military and political campaigns was one of the main reasons for the defeat of Palestine (Podeh, 1999). The hopeful possibilities that emerged once the Arabs conducted war against the Zionist enemies raised disenchantment and anguish over the miserable destruction of Arab Palestine. A very unique aspect of modern-day Arab nation is the startling discrepancy between vision and rea lity. Pan-Arabism is the declared ideology among the powerful elite and the dominant belief among the Arab people, but the Arab nation still struggles with the decline of civil life and deep-rooted disunity. Attempts at political and social unity have been prevented by oppressive situations,