Made in India Indian branding Essays - Brand Management

Nation Branding ? Nation branding refers to branding of a country in terms of its reputation in the global scenario. Few of the practices involved in nation branding is constantly measuring the Nations growth in economic space, attracting tourism, exports, attracting talent pools, technology innovations, cultural heritage etc. The concept of measuring country?s global perception across various dimensions was developed by Simon Anholt in the year 2005. It is defined as Country branding Index or Nation branding Index. About IBEF ? India Brand Equity Foundation IBEF is a Trust which was formed in association by two entities namely Ministry of Commerce and confederation of Indian Industries (CII). IBEF?s core focus is to promote the ?Made in India? brand and to increase awareness of Indian products in overseas market. IBEF works along with various knowledge partners to communicate the message about Indian Business Stories through the form of CDs, posters, magazines, newsletters and reports. The article focuses on the perception of the brand ?India? across the world and the driving forces that makes the ?Made in India? brand to be the fastest growing brand in various verticals like technology, IT, Automobile, Medicine, Telecom, Banking & Financial services, Manufacturing, Retail, Infrastructure and Educational sectors. The brand India is linked to the various components of a typical brand attributes. Brand Personality The brand India has different facets of eminent personalities who have captured the hearts of global audience. Those include personalities like Mahatma Ghandhi Ji, APJ Abdul Kalam, Ar Rahman, Sachin Tendulkar, Ratan Tata, Shiv Nadar (HCL), Narayana Murthy ( Infosys ) etc who have contributed a lot in taking the Brand India to its acme. Brand Name The name India has also been referred to as Bharath or Bharatam. In his book India Ethos and Values, Indian Professor Ajith Shankar has quoted various scriptures and described the etymology of the word ?Bharath? as follows Bha refers to Bhagvan ( God ) and Ratha refers to ?Love? ? Bhartheeyas are people who love God! Bharat refers to the geographical territory of the public of India Region ruled by Bharata was refered as Bharatavarsa Bharath vibrates with hues of every nature Slogan The country India is often referred to feminine attributes of God. The tagline ?Incredible India? by the Indian Tourism depicts the scenic and serenity of India with invaluable natural assets and monuments, sculptures depicting brilliant architectures of the century. Brand Performance ? Brand India has better credibility compared to many other brands in the world. Indian brands like Tata, Mahindra, Maruti, Hero Moto corp, TVS, Haldirams, Hero cycles, Shakthi Masala, IPL, Tata Nano, Haldirams etc have very global presence. Bollywood movies have penetrated the global market to an extent that they act as a tough competition to Hollywood movies. Brand Promise There are many examples to prove the promise that India has delivered across the world in terms of health, Information and Technology, Automobile, Textiles, medical etc. Indian medical field ranks the fourth place in the world, in telecommunication India ranks second. The products like mobile phones, machinery components which were imported once are being exported with ?Made in India? Brand. India is the hottest selling market for all global companies. ?Chennai? is claimed to be the Detroit of Asia with various automobile companies invading Indian market and trying to setup their manufacturing base. Brand Culture A country like India is rich with its rich cultural heritage and religious values like religion, Yoga, Ayurveda, Marriage systems and ceremonies etc. Brand Essence The brand essence means the soul of the brand. The soul of India is its rich cultural heritage and values which are still unshaken or affected by western influence. India follows ?Unity in Diversity? with more than 100 languages and 400+ dialects, 28 states and 7 union territories. The concept of ?Saving? nature has helped Indian economic system to sustain its glory amidst global recession, where even the so called ?Super Powers? have felt the pain of economic slowdown. In spite of many invaders starting from Aryans, Persians, Muslim invaders, Danish, Dutch, French, Portuguese and finally The English have tried to plunder the wealth of our Nation, it?s natural wealth and beauty still remains the same and proves to be a ?Amudhasurabhi?.

Hey Nutrition Essay Example

Hey Nutrition Essay Example Hey Nutrition Paper Hey Nutrition Paper 1. PROTEIN is composed of amino acids. It is required to synthesize and repair muscle and other tissues and maintain fluid and acid-base balance in the body. Proteins also function as enzymes, hormones, and transporters. If necessary, the body uses protein to meet energy needs (4 kcals per gram). Excess kcals from protein are stored as body fat. If you consumed 60 grams of protein in a day, how many kcals would this convert to? (Choose your answer and delete the rest). (1 point) b) 240 kcals 2. The AMDR (Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range) for daily intake of protein is 10% 35% of an adult’s calorie needs (see Chapter 2, page 50: 57. 31 grams. (1 point) Answer:83. 89 4. Refer to your All Nutrients Spreadsheet and determine which DAY (1, 2, or 3) had the LOWEST intake of protein. List the DAY and the total amount of protein in GRAMS (See â€Å"Day Total† in bold at the end of each day in the Prot (g) column). Example: Day 2 = 39. 4 grams. (1 point) Answer: Day 1= 76 grams 5. The RDA for protein is based on an individual’s body weight. Most healthy adults need 0. 8 grams of protein for every kilogram (kg) of body weight (see Chapter 6, pages 242 243). In general, Americans are either meeting or exceeding their protein needs. Determine YOUR protein requirements by converting your body weight from pounds to kilograms and multiplying by 0. 8. There are 2. 2 kilograms in a pound (so your weight in kg should be a LOWER number than your weight in lbs). SHOW YOUR WORK for full credit. Example: 120 lbs / 2. 2 = 54. 54 kg x 0. 8 grams = 43. 63 grams of protein. (2 points) Answer:154lbs/2. 2=70kg x 0. 8 grams = 56 grams of protein 6. Look at your answers on the two previous questions. How did your protein intake on your â€Å"lowest day† compare to the protein RDA you calculated? (Choose your answer and delete the rest). (1 point) MET or EXCEEDED Calculated Protein RDA 7. Determine what PERCENTAGE of your daily kcals came from protein by EITHER listing the number listed on your Calorie and Fat Sources Report (Sources of CaloriesBox)OR by dividing your ACTUAL intake of protein (in kcals) by your TOTAL daily kcals. Example: ? 57. 3 g Protein x 4 kcals/g = 229 kcals from Protein /1333 total kcals = 17%. (1 point) Answer: 26% 8. How did your intake compare to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for Protein? (Choose your answer and delete the rest). (1 point) MET the Recommendation (10% 35% of kcals) 9. Which meal (Breakfast, Lunch, Dinner, or Snack) represented your HIGHEST intake of protein (see Meal Assessment Report )? List the MEAL and the PERCENTAGE of total protein it accounted for. Example: Breakfast, 43%. (1 point) Answer: Dinner 36% 10. A) Explain why plant proteins (other than soy) are considered â€Å"incomplete† and why animal proteins (from meat, dairy, and eggs) are considered and â€Å"complete†. Refer to your textbook if necessary (Chapter 6, pages 239 242). B) List your 2 BEST sources of protein (see All Nutrients Spreadsheet (Prot (g) Column). Indicate whether they are complete or incomplete. (2 points) Part A: A complete protein (animal protein) is a source of protein that contains an adequate proportion of all nine of the necessary for the dietary needs of humans or other animals. Some incomplete protein (plant protein) sources may contain all essential amino acids, but a complete protein contains them in correct proportions for supporting biological functions in the human body. Part B: Fish Chicken 11. VEGETARIAN CASE STUDY. Erin is a 26-year-old college student. She weighs 145 pounds and is moderately active. She is also a lacto-ovo vegetarian. On a typical day, Erin eats at least 3 meals, meets her energy needs, and includes a variety of foods in her diet. Two of the following statements below are CORRECT. Choose your answers and delete the rest. (1 point) b) She includes milk and eggs in her diet but restricts meatd) The quality and amount of protein in her diet is probably adequate 12. VEGAN CASE STUDY. Randi is 18-years-old and has recently decided to become a vegan. She weighs 124 pounds, tends to be a rigid eater, and doesn’t do very well at including complementary proteins in her diet. Although there are certainly benefits to a plant-based diet, she’s been told that vegans are at a higher risk for certain nutrient deficiencies and other health problems. Refer to Chapter 6 in your textbook (pages 248 255). A) List at least 4 nutrients that are more likely to be missing or insufficient in a vegan diet AND B) List at least 4 health problems or conditions that can result from an insufficient intake of protein. (2 points) Part A: Vit-D, Vit-B12, protein, calcium Part B: marasmus, kwashiorkor, low energy, poor immune system, bone health issues 13. ATHLETE CASE STUDY. Landon is a 34-year-old athlete. He weighs 165 pounds and competes in marathons and other high-endurance sports. The protein requirement for athletes is typically 1. 0 1. 5 grams per kilogram of body weight. For high-endurance and/or competitive athletes, up to 2. 0 grams per kilogram of body weight is recommended. Assume that Landon needs 1. 5 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight. A) Determine Landon’s protein needs (in grams). Assume that he needs 1. 5 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight. SHOW YOUR WORK for full credit. B) List at least 4 health problems or conditions that can result from excessive intake of protein (Chapter 6, pages 248 255). (2 points) Part A: 165lbs/2. 2=75kgx1. 5grams=112. 5 grams Part B: cardiovascular disease, kidney stones, osteoporosis, some types of cancer 14. A) Evaluate your intake of protein. Are you consuming more or less than you realized? What food sources of protein are most common in your diet (plant or animal sources)? Are you getting enough or too much? Is this something you’re concerned about? Why or why not? B) Identify at least one SPECIFIC and measurable improvement in regards to your protein intake that you’re willing to make starting this week. A measurable goal usually has numbers and/or a time frame in it (i. e. â€Å"Right now, most of my protein is coming from animal sources that are also high in fat. This week, I’m going to replace at least ONE high-fat animal product PER DAY with a healthier choice (like fish, yogurt, low-fat milk, nuts, beans, seeds, an egg sandwich, etc†). (2 points) Personal Evaluation: I am ok with the amount of protein in my diet. I think most of my sources of protein are healthy sources like fish and yogurt. I feel like I am pretty aware of the protein in my diet and am satisfied with the ratio. Specific Goal: Right now, most of my protein is coming from animal sources that are also low in fat. This week, I’m going to experiment and try to eat a Lacto-Ovo-Vegetarian diet an see how I feel as well as measure my protein intake vs. fat intake. 15. APPLICATION QUESTION Select and complete an Application Activity from the list of options (also linked on the homepage). List the NUMBER and DESCRIPTION (in bold lettering on the list). Report on what you did and what you learned. Your answer should be at least 4 lines long and demonstrate that you took this assignment seriously. Alternatively, you can read Fighting Inflammation (Published in the Nutrition Action Health Letter, Nov 2011) and write a synopsis of the article. Your summary needs to be at least 6 lines long and include specific content from the article. Please also include what you learned and how you plan to apply this information. (5 points) Application Activity ___Fighting Inflammation_ (or Read â€Å"Fighting Inflammation† Article) Answer: â€Å"Heart disease, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, the metabolic syndrome, physical disability. That’s just a partial list of the illnesses that have been linked to chronic inflammation. It’s different from the classic, red, swelling, white-cell kind of inflammation that we’re used to thinking of, explains Walter Willett, chair of the Nutrition Department at the Harvard School of Public Health. Instead, it’s more of a slow burn that’s detected only by a rise in inflammatory signals, or markers- proteins produced by the immune system to fight infection or heal an injury (though not the kind of injury you can necessarily see or feel). The question is: how can you douse the flames? So far, only one thing is clear, says Willett. The most powerful way to reduce your inflammatory factors is to lose excess weight. †(Nutrition Action Health Letter, November 2011) This very first portion of the article had me hooked. But my mind instantly thought inflammation, like cut your finger accidentally and the area will swell, redden, and heat up. I then learned this type of acute inflammatory response is the bodys reaction to trauma, and its an essential part of the healing process. But inflammation can be harmful when it hangs around too long and refuses to leave. When the inflammation switch refuses to turn off, the body operates as if it is always under attack and the older we get, the more likely this is to happen. White blood cells flood the system for weeks, months, and even years. While anti-inflammatory drugs do exist, they can injure the stomach or suppress the immune system. Fortunately, the situation can be remedied by a change in diet, specifically by altering the kinds of fats you eat. Omega-3 fatty acids tend to decrease inflammation while omega-6 fats and trans-fats increase inflammation. Most of all the small statement ? ose excess weight? Left the bells in my head ringing. I want to monitor my diet more closely and implement some of these eating habits and increase healthy foods like, fish, nuts, seeds, oils, lean grass-fed meats, fruits, vegetables and spices such as turmeric, cloves, and ginger to see if I notice a difference in the way I feel.

Napoleon Bonaparte Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Napoleon Bonaparte - Research Paper Example This research paper describes life of Napoleon Bonaparte. Many historians appreciate and acknowledge Napoleon as one of the best and great men of all time. He was ruler of the French who strengthened and institutionalized a lot of restructuring of the French Revolution, that occurred during 1789 to 1799. Napoleon, even today, is considered to be one of the best military commanders of all time. This research pape is very well-structured and divided in 6 parts. The researche focuses most on describing Napoleon Bonaparte’s place in history, explores his controversial status as a hero or a villain, described Napoleon Bonaparte's years at St. Bernard and also deeply analyzed the biggest mistake in his life - the Russian Campaign. In this research paper full presentation on the Russian Campaign is given. It mentiones some important facts, such as Napoleon's confidence that he would win, the number of troops he had, war strategies that was used both by him and by Russians and his defeat. In conclusion of this research paper, author states that without the changes that Napoleon brought into effect in many countries, these nations might still be in the national devastation that they were prior to Napoleon taking over. The French revolution aroused and floated new ideas pertaining to parity, justice, liberty, and the very nature of social contact. Author concludes that the heroic efforts of Napoleon not only in battle, but also in the French society as a result of the French revolution should be remembered forever.

Clinical Focus and Advocacy in Patients Care in Specialist Nursing Literature review

Clinical Focus and Advocacy in Patients Care in Specialist Nursing Practice - Literature review Example The current trend of offering master’s programs in nursing schools was seen to start begin around the 1970’s with the gradual phasing out of the public health nursing programs in most of the schools offering public health studies. The very first programs to start preparing and offering Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) courses started doing so in the 1950’s (Fulton, Lyon and Goudreau 2010). A clinical nurse specialist (CNS) can be described basically as an advanced practice and registered nurse who has undergone graduate preparation resulting in their earning a master’s or doctorate from one of the programs that prepares clinical nursing specialists. Clinical nurse specialists are generally experts at the diagnosis and eventual treatment of illness that fall in their area of expertise. The focus of clinical nurse specialist generally falls into three basic areas; these areas are administration, patients and their respective families and nurse management. Although these three spheres are seen to be interrelated and it is quite normal for them to overlap, they are quite different and possess distinctive focus from each other. In all three areas of influence, the primary role of the CNS is to ensure that there is continuous improvement of the nursing care and patient outcome in general (Fulton, Lyon and Goudreau 2010). The rest of a medical facilities nursing staff tend to look to the Clinical Nurse Specialist to help them improve the efficiency in the work place as well as to receive guidance as they perform their everyday nursing duties. Some of the key elements of practicing CNS is to ensure that there is the creation of an environment that can be seen to implement effective system changes and mentoring programs that will help in the empowerment of nurses who are better able to adequately respond to the diverse patient needs, and develop caring best practices that are not only evidence based but are also able to alleviate

Protecting Intellectual Property Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Protecting Intellectual Property - Essay Example Copyright gives an owner the exclusive right to the use of his property and it also means that if the protected property is to be used in any form or manner, it would first be necessary to obtain permission from the owner of the copyright. In order to obtain protection for intellectual property, it is necessary to register the property with the appropriate Copyright or patent and trademarks office. In this way, through the acquisition of an Intellectual property right, the owner of the IPR gains the right to the economic exploitation of the product or service, which is in effect, the reward for the IPR holder’s creativity or innovation. The IRP holder may also designate these rights to others and use the third party for the exploitation of the copyright, by way of licenses for specified periods. The copyright system imposes â€Å"ordinary and reasonable† limitations on the creative process, ensuring that the owner of the copyright on a creative work may continue to enjoy that right for a reasonable period of time. (Lessing 2002:613). But on the other side of the coin is the argument that certain products are in the â€Å"public† domain and therefore accessible in the public realm, which may be distinguished from private ownership (Hartley 2002). Generally, a copyright expires after a specific period, before it falls into the public domain, but with the continuous extensions granted to copyright protection, certain creative works are never falling into the public domain and things are shaping up such that very little is left in the world today that is truly original and has not been copyrighted in one form or another. This can be a strong deterrent for the original creator of an innovative work, since he will be unable to compose or create something for which every part is original and never done before. The original purpose of copyright was to grant to the creator of the original work, the protection for his innovation as well as his time and

The Wife Of Bath English Literature Essay

The Wife Of Bath English Literature Essay Writer Geoffrey Chaucer was born in 1342, when he was born is still unknown. Chaucer became a knight and a member of the kings home. Chaucer ran many errands all around Europe. With increased knowledge of society, it paved the way for The Canterbury Tales. Chaucer died in October 1400 and buried in Westminster Abbey. Chaucer was one of the first to have gathered in what is now known as the Poets Corner in Westminster Abbey. The Canterbury Tales were written sometime between 1387 and 1400. Coming from all walks of life; It is a tale of a numerous of people traveling together, portrayed as pilgrims, to Canterbury. The Canterbury tales were incomplete even the completed tales were not revised. There is also no order to how the tales are to be told. As the printing press had not been invented, The Canterbury Tales have been read as hand written manuscripts. The Wife Of Bath She initiates her story by telling of her experiences she has had in her life. The Wife of Bath begins her story by making it clear that she has always followed the rules of experience. The wife could easily be classified as an expert (for lack of better words); because she has had five husbands consecutively, she surely has had enough experience to classify her as such. To her there is nothing out of the ordinary with having had five significant others and has a very hard time understanding Jesus rebuke to the woman at the well. In her own defense, the Wife refers to King Solomon, who himself had many wives, and as for the admonishment of St. Paul that it is better to be married than to burn in sin. Sexual organs are created for their normal functions and for the purposes of pleasure. And unlike many senile women, she has always been one to constantly have sex on her mindà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦naturally. She then goes on to tell of her past husbands and allows for how she was able to reign supreme when it came to each of them. Unfortunately, when she does thisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦he dies. She then goes on to tell of how she gained control over husband number five. At the funeral of husband number 4, she carried a lot of lust for a young man by the name of Jankyn, for which she had already had eyes on prior. They dated for a short period, she and Jankyn were married quickly as well, even considering the fact that she was much older than he. At the end of the honeymoon, she was taken back when she found out that Jankyn spent a lot his time reading, specifically from a set that downed on women. One night in particular, from this collection, he began to read aloud, He was reading the story of Eve, he read about all that he could find, like unfaithful women, murderesses, prostitutes, and so on, the wife of bath was unable to tolerate these stories for long, before she became enraged, took the book and hit Jankyn with it. She hit him so hard that he fell from being unbalanced, and into the fire he went. As he hopped up and he lunged at her, she fell to the floor from the strength of his hit, when she hit the ground she acted as though she were dead. When jankyn leaned over her, to examine the damage, she hit him one more time and once again acted as though she were dead. Infuriated, he promised her anything if she just would live, and this is how she was able to have control over husband number five. From that very moment until the day he passed away, she was the best possible wife she could be to him. Her story, restates her belief that a successful marriage is one in which the wife is to have complete control. In King Arthurs court there was a handsome yet deceitful young knight, who comes to and rapes a beautiful young woman. People are very angered at the young knights actions and vowed for the justice of the young lady. The law states, is written and demands that the perpetrator has his head cut off. For their own reasons the queen herself and some other maidens of the court pleaded for permission to have control over the fate of the knight. Inevitably, the queen gives the knight one year to figure out what the average womans wildest desires are. The time passes very quickly. The knight comes back to the court already knowing that he is going to die, He then sees a group of young maidens mingling around. As he gets closer to them, the run in fear, the only one left is an old angry woman, and she comes to him and is wondering what it is that he wants. The knight goes on to tell of his endeavors to her, and the woman guarantees him the exact response, he should give to the court, in return, he must do what she asks she saved his life. He obliges, and later, the queen asks him to respond, he comes forward with the right answer on that of what womens wildest desires are; it beingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦total control over their husbands. Because the old woman ended up giving the knight the right answer, she insists that she be his lover and his friend. The knight, hesitantly, obliges. The wedding night approaches, and he pretty much ignores his new wife, who is right next to him. He eventually lets her know that her age, as well as some of her other physical attributes disgust him. She reminds him simply that love is not pinpointed on how one looks but of true and honest understanding. The old woman tells him that her looks can be seen as an only a physical assetperiod. Now if she were good looking, plenty of men would be after her; with her existing state, just as she is, he can rest on the fact that he has an all-around good partner. The Wifes tale is quite interesting in the fact that it is lengthier than the actual story itself. The Wife of Bath uses the story to define knowledge about experience versus authority as well as igniting the points that she wishes to reveal in her story: What women really want is total control over their significant other. Due to the fact that she has had five husbands one right after the other, she feels as though when she talks it is with authority from all of the experience. In the prologue, she tells how she gained control over them all. In the church, antifeminism was a large contributing factor. Women were portrayed as almost like demons; they were very sexual, greedy, clingy, and a nagging pain and they were looked down on by the spiritual church. Women were unable to participate in church functions by any means. Also multiple marriages were considered suspicious. The Wife of Bath carefully remembers the words of the lord as stated in his written scripture. With her knowledge of his word, it shows that she is not a mindless human being. Furthermore, in Chaucers time, if you still had your virginity, you were highly thought of, especially when it comes to the church. Saints were glorified because they would rather be dead then to their lose virginity, or some suffered badly to keep their virginity later being considered as martyrs and at that point were blessed. After the Wife of Bath reserves from the word of the lord, she appears to gain common senseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦asking if all were virgins, she questions, then who would give birth to more virgins? This allows for the sexual organs to be used for pleasure as well as for the birthing end of it: She admits that she is full of life that enjoys sex and by no means is ashamed by it. The interesting part of story of the Wife of Bath is by far her argument on traditions or with the church, but the portrayal a living being. The wife is a woman of great emotion, and character. Preceding her five husbands and all of her hardships she has unfortunately lost her looks and her young nature yet, still she still lives on. With ease, he now has the ability to thoroughly enjoy her life. All throughout the Wifes tale, values and headships, are taken back or dismissed. During the start of the tale, King Arthur bows down to the ruling of Guinevere .Alternatively the women, over the men, are judges; and the knowledge of the books and the scriptures signifies a lot of experience. The knight, who was the rapist that jeopardized the purity of a young womans virginity, is saved by another woman, an old ugly woman at that. Lastly, the old woman gives the knight a choice, yet both choices are unbearable. When he allows her make the choice, he inevitably abandons his own freedom in courtesy of the womans power. Work Cited Reynolds, George Fullmer. The Staging of Elizabethan Plays at the Red Bull Theater 1605-1625. New York: Modern Language Association, 1940. Print. Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Wife of Baths Tale. Canterbury Tales. The Norton Anthology of English Literature: The Major Authors. Ed. Stephen Greenblatt. 8th ed. New York: Norton, 2006. 226-234. http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/literature/canterbury-tales/geoffrey-chaucer-biography.html

Should We ‘Tone Down’ Anzac Day?

Should we ‘Tone Down’ ANZAC Day to be considerate of ethnic minorities in Australia? Of course not. But a substantial amount of Anglo-Australians believe that we should. This makes absolutely no sense at all. Why would anyone be offended by ANZAC day, we are remembering the brave men and women who have fought and died for this country, as well as the ones that continue to fight for our country overseas. I don’t see how anyone may be offended by that, except for maybe the Turkish or the Germans but even they should enjoy ANZAC day because it is a celebration of who the ANZAC soldiers were, not who they fought.It’s not like the ANZAC’s were Nazi’s, they didn’t commit genocide or crimes against humanity, they protected a country full of innocent people, they are heroes and heroes deserve to be remembered at least once a year. They believe that we should consider how the ‘minorities’ would feel. The key word there is minorities . Does it seem fair that an entire nation or at least the majority of a nation must give up a tradition of almost a century for the consideration of a small percentage of the population? This is Australia, Australians built this country whether they were white Australians or not doesn’t matter.Celebrating the ANZAC spirit is not only respect for our fallen soldiers, but respect for our country and everyone who enjoys the prosperity of modern day Australia should honour that. ANZAC day is celebrated not only in Australia, but at many locations all over the world. Of course it is not celebrated in these countries in the same capacity as it is in Australia and New Zealand but is remembered none the less. Some of these countries include Turkey, Germany, France and China. These countries had no soldiers in the Australian and New Zealand Army Core; they are remembering the values the ANZACS represented.Every year for I don’t know how long people who care have set up two week s before ANZAC day and begun to sell ANZAC day badges, these people volunteer their time and effort because they respect what this special day means. A few weeks ago just before ANZAC day ‘Metlink’ – the company that runs metropolitan trains and buses in Melbourne and surrounding areas – told these people they could only sell the ANZAC day badges at the train and bus stations on one day rather than for the entire two weeks that had been the tradition for many years.Obviously many people were extremely offended, including the many volunteers, commuters and the general population. Luckily, after public outcry the metropolitan train company withdrew the restrictions on the sale of ANZAC day badges. But the fact that it was even suggested is a gross example of how even some white Australians have lost sight of what ANZAC day and the ANZAC spirit represents. Almost every second Australian had a grandparent who fought in the First World War. And most people have some sort of relation to an ANZAC soldier.Former Prime Minister Kevin Rudd once said â€Å"The Gallipoli campaign is part of our national consciousness, it's part of our national psyche, it's part of our national identity. † I think this statement just about sums it up. The ANZAC spirit is a part of every one in this country, whether they were born here or not, because it is a part of the country. The last Australian ANZAC and last person in the world to have fought on the beaches at Gallipoli, Alec Campbell, died on the eve of March 16, 2002.With him died the last living memory of the courage, strength and valor that was displayed on the battlefield all those years ago. Alec Campbell died in peace knowing that the ANZAC spirit and the memory of his fallen comrades would never be forgotten. But was he comforted by a false hope? Has the essence of the ANZAC spirit been lost somewhere in the translation of time? The fact that people are suggesting that we ‘tone down†™ ANZAC day or discontinue the celebration completely, leads to the conclusion that maybe it has. So what is the ANZAC spirit?Above all the ANZAC spirit means loyalty and respect to your comrades, families and friends. The ANZAC spirit means courage, strength and resourcefulness. Are these not values that every race and religion should celebrate? Perhaps the problem lies not within the meaning of ANZAC day and how that effects the ethnic population, but in the education that is given regarding ANZAC day. Perhaps if we tried harder to involve new Australians in the ANZAC day celebrations, they may begin to better understand what ANZAC day really represents for our country and for them.

Personal Development Plan Essay

I have always been interested in the financial and investment sector. The movements of the stock market and the forces driving the stock values hold considerable degree of interest. I realize that a stockbroker needs to add value to financial information in order to satisfy the customer queries and investigative requirements of the companies being dealt. The consumers today have easy access to a vast range of financial knowledge and data available on the Internet coupled with company specific details that provides extensive information on the current and projected financial trends. The stock broker under such circumstances needs to be highly alert and aware of the market trends and fluctuating stock values in order to meet the needs of an increasingly knowledgeable customer. (Asia One Business Article, Sep 2007) A career as a stock broker requires a complete understanding of the financial markets and environmental forces that drive the stock trading market. A stock broker is an individual responsible for a business deal on a stock exchange. This primarily involves buying and selling of securities on behalf of people and institutions. Usually, a negotiation is made between two authorised members of the exchange. (Eduquity.com) For the purposes of convenience, an ordinary person is no longer needed to walk into the premises of any institution, for instance, the New York Stock Exchange, to enquire on the trade stock. This exchange is done through a broker. However, a stock broker is not just confined in such plain participation in a transaction as there are other stock broking opportunities such as execution-only, advisory dealing, and discretionary dealing, and other related services. Execution-only stock broker involves the implementation of the client’s instructions to buy or sell. A stock broker who focuses on advisory dealing informs and gives important information to the client on which shares to buy and sell, but leaves the task of final decision-making to the jurisdiction of the investor. Meanwhile, a stock broker who is in-charge with discretionary dealing determines the client’s investment intentions and serves as the mainly involved person in all transactions and decision-making functions done on the client’s behalf. In general, stock brokers provide relevant and useful information on trading stocks, for instance on the cases of which stocks or mutual funds to be bought. (estockwise.com) Keeping in mind these specific requirements and my interest in the financial market I aspire to be a stock broker. In order for me to be a full-pledged stock broker, I must be involved in activities and related opportunities that will increase my competencies, particularly those that I need to be a successful stock broker. Of course, it is necessary to finish my studies first. I will begin by providing assistance to a certified stock broker. This is my short term aspiration. By being an associate, I will have direct exposure to the business transactions that my employer deals with. Gaining experience is my key motivation. My medium aspiration is to get promoted or trusted with bigger responsibilities. For example, my employer will ask me to do things that are similar to his/her functions, allow me to decide on important things, expect me to be reliant to classified tasks, and the likes. After staying on this position for a significant period of time, I will try to evaluate myself if I am already capable of entering my long term aspiration – that is – being a stock broker. This can be achieved once I qualify the preconditions to obtaining a stock broker license. I will immediately take up the needed examinations and eligibility requirements. My career goal is to provide my clients with the necessary guidance and direction towards investments that meet their specific needs and requirements. (estockwise.com) Skills Required For the Chosen Role A stockbroker can offer three types of services depending on their individual capabilities and interest.  · Discretionary stock broking service constitutes management of client investments and making financial decisions on their behalf. This type of service requires building of huge trust and confidence within the customer.  · Advisory stock broking service that involves advising the clients on various investment options available and the desirable course of action with predictive impacts on finance. The client needs to decide on the action or alternative that suits his needs best.  · Executing stock broking service where the stock broker is only involved in buying and selling of stocks as per client’s instructions. In this case the advice or knowledge of market expertise is not required. He merely acts as per the client’s instructions. The basic essential job responsibilities of a stock broker are –  · Managing and reviewing investment portfolios for their clients  · Research the financial market with the cooperation of investment analysts who can provide actual and factual information on the performance of companies and markets  · Provide accurate information on stock market performance and stock values to the customers  · Provide various advisory and specialized services to the clients In view of the type of service and role specific needs of the stock broker the skills or competencies required to fulfill their responsibilities have been identified as follows:  · excellent oral communication  · self-confidence and decision making ability  · Persuasive nature  · Professional approach  · Numeric ability  · Logical reasoning  · In-depth market knowledge and attention to detail  · knowledge of current socio, political, and economic trends  · good judgment of risks  · honesty and a trustworthy attitude In addition to the above mentioned competencies an individual aspiring to be a stock broker needs to keep his cool and have the ability to work under pressure. The drive and urge to succeed and excel in their work is a primary requisite to achieve career objectives as a stock broker. (www.Learndirect-advice.co.uk) Personal Strengths A review of my personal strengths and abilities reveal communication as one of the strongest points that can work to my advantage in career management. Petit, Goris and Vaught (1997) noted communication’s function is essential for cases like allowing employees to conduct meetings, make memos, provide feedback and share corporate-wide information. I believed that the previous exposures and experiences that I gained has greatly assisted me in acquiring this core competency. Good communication skill was gained from giving presentations at seminars, supplier and customer service transactions (e.g. issuing clear and concise instructions, advising and assisting customers, etc). I am also used at working on team projects particularly during my course. As a member of the team projects I have proved my abilities as a good and empathetic listener that has enabled me to judge the situation and present effective solutions to the issues in hand. My team leader noticed my natural sense of persuading others in the team to coordinate and cooperate better and agree to the objectives and milestones that were vital for the success of the project. This particular observation was quite helpful since I was given the team coordinator responsibilities in the subsequent projects. My involvement in the capacity of a team coordinator greatly improved my skills of communication and persuasion. Considering the significant role of communication in stock broking, coordinating is among the basic ingredients of my professional success. I also believed to the spill over effects of effective coordinating function like the development of teamwork and successful working relationship. Teamwork is also attributed to the positive effects upon the psychological health and well-being of organisations member (Carter and West 1999). Through effective communication, people are motivated to work in unity and towards the achievement of individual and organisational goals alike. Personal Weakness In my previous job I had landed into an argument with my team member while discussing the feasible alternative that can be adopted to complete the task objectives nullifying the associated risks. The heated argument was not seen in a favorable light by my managers. Indulging in the process of self introspection I realized that I tend to be quite dictating and adopt a more commanding tone while communicating with other people. Though I can persuade and coax people into agreeing to my views and observations the commanding tone that I use to communicate the message is not liked by most people. This is not a favorable attitude and causes problems in development of harmonious relationships with fellow colleagues. This weakness is more a form of autocratic leadership that has become outdated and irrelevant in today’s business world. People and institutions do not favor this style of leadership anymore and this can pose serious limitations to career growth and development prospects. The current management style prefers a softer approach to people in order to develop a productive and effective team. As stated by a few authors (e.g. Cohen and Brand 1993; Hyde 1992), management requires leader’s full participation and involvement instead of designating individual groups who will shoulder all the responsibilities. Furthermore, this also helps in creating a sense of commitment and loyalty (Hill 1991). In the business point of view, good leadership proves to be quite beneficial as aids in effectively meeting job-related demands, creating higher-performing teams, fostering renewed loyalty and commitment, increasing motivational level, and reducing absenteeism and turnover of employees (Drucker 1995).   I presumed that I am the opposite of a favoured leader. I am autocratic which means I tend to be overly manipulative and domineering. This attitude hinders the development of harmonious relationship or esprit de corps among colleagues and most importantly on the part of potential clients. I recognised the need to learn a leadership style that will be instrumental on the achievement of my intended career role as well as the development of other important values useful in my future as stock broker and person as whole.

Endocrine System Case Study Essays

Endocrine System Case Study Essays Endocrine System Case Study Essay Endocrine System Case Study Essay Case Study 1. A 30-year-old woman has been trying to get pregnant for a year now. She’s always had irregular menstrual periods, but just recently her breasts starting secreting milk and she noticed that her sex drive was diminishing. She became so excited that she immediately took a pregnancy test, but the result was negative. She went to visit her doctor the following day to have her blood taken to confirm whether she managed to get a false negative on her pregnancy test. After her examination, it was determined that she definitely was not pregnant, but during her appointment, she also realized that she has had persistent headaches and fatigue for many months. 1. What is the most likely diagnosis for this patient? (1 mark) A possible diagnosis for this patient could be Hyperprolactinemia. 2. What hormone is creating havoc within this patient’s body? Explain how this hormone affects milk production in her breast. In a regular pregnancy, what stops milk from being ejected from the breast prematurely? 3 marks) The hormone prolactin is responsible for the patient’s symptoms. Prolactin stimulates the development of mammary gland tissue and milk production (lactogensis). During infant feeding, the never ending in the nipples becomes stimulated causing the release of prolactin-secreting hormones by the hypothalamus. This spinal reflex (neuroendocrine reflex) stimulates the production of prolactin. Before a woman gives birth the prolactin is inh ibited by the neurotransmitter dopamine. Additionally, the hormone progesterone inhibits milk secretion in the breasts. However, after delivery, progesterone levels drop and trigger Lactogenesis II. 3. Name 2 medical procedures that would confirm your diagnosis. Indicate what each of these tests will show to confirm your diagnosis. (4 marks) 4. Briefly describe 2 specific treatment options and state the possible side effects of these treatments. (4 marks) Case Study # 2 With summer approaching, a 38 year old man wanted to start exercising as he was starting to suddenly gain weight in his abdominal area and lose muscle mass in his arms and legs. He has always been a fit man, but lately with the huge stress of his work obligations over the past year, he has not focused on his health as much as he would like to. With the weight gain around his abdominal area, he also noticed that his skin was thinner and that he was starting to get stretch marks as well. While working out vigorously with weights, he even managed to fracture his right second metatarsal. He is currently taking no meds. When he visited his doctor a week later, his blood work revealed high blood sugar levels and normal blood ACTH levels. A CT scan revealed that his left adrenal gland was unusually larger than his right. 1. What pituitary hormone would you expect to be secreted in large amounts in his blood? How would you support your conclusion? (3 marks) I would expect cortisol to be secreted in large amounts in the man’s blood. Cortisol is a pituitary hormone secreted by the adrenal glands. During elevated stress, cortisol is released in a person’s body. Small increases of cortisol can be beneficial, but constant stress causes increased cortisol levels. Cortisol can counteract the body’s insulin, which is used to maintain blood sugar levels. With this interference, the man’s blood sugar becomes imbalanced, explaining his blood test. Increased cortisol also causes higher blood pressure as the vasculature becomes more sensitive to epinephrine and norepinephrine. (Wikipedia) Additionally, the omentum, which is located in the abdomen, takes in the excess cortisol and cause it store more fat. (

A Horrifying Story of Rape in the Military

A Horrifying Story of Rape in the Military Brigid Harry (not her real name) is a wife, mother, and co-owner of a small marketing communications company she runs with her husband. She earned her MBA after completing her military service and now lives in New York. After years of silence, shes decided to share her story. I was 20, had already worked for 3 years as a secretary at a major corporation in my hometown, and was impatient to grow. Id come into the company all starry-eyed and within months had absorbed the tasks of two co-workers whod been laid off, folks with years at the company and most with two-year degrees. I didnt get far, because I was 20...and a girl. Perhaps an immature, impatient girl as I look back on it, but I knew that a high school diploma was going to get me nowhere - unless I was happy staying a secretary, and I wasnt. A Decision to Enlist A few years earlier Id considered the military as an alternative to a career in the business world. The recruiters all focused on education in their pitches, so I took some tests which revealed I was very qualified for a program that the Marines had - a photojournalist. They offered a special one-year program: candidates would live as civilians and attend one of the countrys top journalism schools as part of their education. All I had to do was sign. A few months later I did. Boot camp was rough (9 weeks for the gals), and other than some minor back issues that developed from the daily PT (physical training), I did just fine. During this time, I took additional testing and earned a perfect score for Morse Code Intercept and languages, which meant they really wanted me to learn Morse Code, and then Russian. Even though Id passed all the tests for a photojournalist, I caved to their daily badgering and signed away my first option. Normal Conversations I was sent to my first duty station at the Naval Air Station at Pensacola, FL, where all 5 services were sent to learn Morse Code. A few months into service, my back problems got worse, and I developed daily headaches and migraines. The base doctor, a youngish Navy captain from Puerto Rico, assigned some physical therapy and then had me follow-up with him. In our meetings, wed chat - and I knew I had to be appropriate in my conversations because he was an officer and I was enlisted. However, I believed that he was reaching out to me, glad to have a normal conversation with someone who had interests outside of the base and the bars that ringed the base. He invited me out to dinner one evening as a  friend. Nothing romantic was implied, he assured me, and I mentioned that I did have a boyfriend back home, a young man Id met just before I left. He said that he enjoyed our talks about old movies and old music​ because everyone else on the base wanted to talk about getting drunk or war. Dinner and Movies He also assured me that it would be after hours, off the base, and that the officer/enlisted thing wouldnt be an issue. I hesitated, but I found him pleasant and believed what he said. We agreed to go to an old movie festival (I actually think it was Bogart films) that was running that evening nearby, and he arranged to pick me up. I dressed casually, which back then (and with my lack of fashion sense) was jeans, a jean vest, and some sort of shiny blue polyester shirt - a bit on the boyish side, as I think back, but as we were to grab a burger and then watch old movies in a darkened theater, fashion was the least of my concerns. Why Dont We Eat Here First? He was prompt. He drove a black Trans-Am Firebird. The car actually surprised me because he hadnt struck me as one of those kinds of guys. Nevertheless, I climbed in and we left to go to dinner. But then he stopped at his off-base apartment, saying he needed to pick something up, and I could certainly join him for a few minutes. Okay, I thought - naively. As I noticed a package of chicken on the counter, and spices, and potatoes, he casually suggested, Why dont we eat here first? We had a few hours before the movies started, and besides, they ran continuously through the night. I agreed, but with hesitation. He poured me a drink (the legal drinking age was at 18 at the time) and I consumed it, too quickly, which has always been my style. As he prepared dinner, I had another drink, and then a third. They were strong, and I hadnt eaten anything since lunch 6 hours earlier. The chicken went into the oven, and we sat on the couch to chat. I remember asking why he joined the service, as hed indicated he wasnt like the other military types on base. He said he just that he wanted to get out of Puerto Rico. An Officer, Not a Gentleman He poured me another drink and I hesitated, feeling buzzed and growing uncomfortable. I asked when dinner would be ready, and could we get to the movie festival in time. Thats when he leaned over to kiss me. I recoiled. I mean, he was an officer, I was enlisted, and I had a boyfriend. My mind raced. I didnt know what to do. I said I had to use the bathroom and he pointed to a door in the hallway. I headed in that direction, my face red, feeling really uncomfortable. When I opened the bathroom door to exit he was standing there with his pants off. He grabbed me in a huge bear hug and pushed me into the adjacent bedroom. I stiffened and said I wasnt interested - that I had a boyfriend, that I really felt sick to my stomach, that I didnt know about sex (all true). Please, I thought we were going to see old movies. Please let me go, I feel nauseous. Please stop. Please dont do this. Please, please, please. Please. He was stronger than me. He twisted my arms behind me and started pawing at my clothes - my boyish, unattractive clothes. He pulled until he created a burn between the denim and my thighs. He pulled at my underpants until they tore. He jumped on top of me as I pulled to turn sideways. His voice was angry now. Frozen It was over in a few moments - he was quick to come to completion. I was frozen in a curled position, with my clothes draped over me. He grunted, Get up, Ill take you back to the base. I didnt know what to do. Should I go with him? Should I get a cab? I said Id go with him. I pulled my clothes back around me and stood there trembling. He drove me to the base, and I jumped out of the car. My room was in a dorm-like setting, and I shared a bunk with an Army gal, African American, who outranked me. She wasnt home as she was on a date. I jumped into the shower and probably stood there for over an hour. I didnt cry. I tried, and couldnt. But I scrubbed and grew angry at myself, at him, at my life choices. Admitting I Had Been Raped Monday - three days later - I went to class. At noon, I went to the base chaplain, a Catholic priest, a Navy officer, and told him what happened. It wasnt easy, and I never looked up from my hands in my lap. Did I lose my virginity, he asked, or was that something I had already done prior to Friday evening? Well, I admitted, I dont think this did that because†¦oh, God – I remembered something - this man had a child-size penis. I knew what they looked like - I had two younger brothers and changed my share of diapers. No, I hadnt bled. Was there any chance I was pregnant, the Navy priest then asked. I finally looked up, still red from having stated aloud the miniscule size of the doctors penis. What? Could I be pregnant? He continued that if there was any chance of pregnancy, I could never consider an abortion. What? Pregnant? That was the least of my concerns, I mumbled. I was...yes, admit it†¦I had been raped. I mean, yes, I went in his car. Yes, I had drinks. Yes, I knew he was an officer and I was enlisted. But we were going to go watch old movies. But†¦ but†¦ Discouraging Guidance I waited a week, and my period came. One thing to NOT worry about, I suppose. Then I called my mom, who had a house full of little kids still. I told her what happened - and thats when I finally cried. She was audibly upset and asked what would happen. I had no clue, I told her. I promised I would go back to the chaplain Monday and seek guidance. Monday, I visited the chaplain - and told him I wasnt pregnant. He seemed relieved and then asked what next. I told him, I think the man should be punished. Would he help me through that process? He squirmed and said that since I hadnt filed a police report immediately - that since Id showered immediately after the incident - it would be a difficult case. A case of he said, she said. I said I was angry and that what he did was wrong – and I wanted to pursue it. He made an appointment with my commanding officer, and I met with the man Tuesday, who spoke a lot of legalese to me and said hed get back to me. There was a woman secretary, a high ranking enlisted Navy woman, taking notes. I couldnt tell if she was sympathetic or not to my story, as she was absolutely stone-faced. Perhaps shed heard it all before. Didnt Want the Mess Wednesday after class I was walking to my bunk to unwind, grab a bite, and try to do homework when I saw a black Trans Am approaching me. It slowed to a crawl, I stopped, and then it raced past me, spewing pebbles and dust. Obviously, the driver was pissed at me, and I felt afraid. Someone must have said something to him. I spoke to my mom again that weekend. She was crying and told me to drop charges - that I would be the one on trial, that my father had spoken to an attorney and they decided that they didnt want the mess dragged through the local papers back home, that Id have to find a way to move on. I met with the commanding officer and made him an offer; if theyd let me go into photojournalism, as Id originally signed up for, Id not pursue anything against the doctor. Within 48 hours, I had new orders: a week medical leave at home, and then Id join the next military journalism program starting in Indianapolis at an Army base. I had made no real friends at the base, and other than my roommate who was kind and considerate during my time of stress, the few folks I knew from boot camp didnt know how to treat me. I was happy to leave. Where the Men Were in Charge Of course, then there were more problems at home. My dads attorney suggested that I talk to a shrink, as my dad said - a profession my father had very little use for. I went, and the mental health professional wrote up a report and sent to my former commanding officer, and one to my upcoming commanding officer, that I was immature and really wasnt a good candidate for a life in the military. I joined the journalism program, came in second in my class, made friends, maintained a long-distance pen-pal relationship with the boy back home, but started struggling as I got to my new duty station in North Carolina. Back in a world where the men were in charge, despite the obvious women of rank around, I started getting angry and upset and lonely. I refused to work one day, and the shrink back home - per my dads attorneys advice - sent along his report. A higher ranking woman suggested that it would be a rough few weeks, but if I wanted to get out, that boycotting work was one way to do it. Honorable Discharge I met with the bases commanding officer, who had all my files - my episode in Florida, my decision not to press charges, my letters from doctors back home, and my test scores. He expressed concern that I chose not to honor my contract with the Marines, but as a dad to young daughters, he wished me well. He asked me to promise him that I would go back to school, even part-time, and try to contribute something positive. I received an honorable discharge a year and a day after I started boot camp. To this day, I cant remember the Navy doctors name - or his face, thank God. Im thankful that one man, my final commanding officer, treated me with some respect. Homecoming My boyfriend, whod stuck by me when I was away, proposed as soon as I returned home, but then started acting uncomfortable in my presence, and as I assumed he started seeing other girls, we broke up. I went back to my job, making up excuses for why I was home so soon. My cousins got wind of my seeing a psychologist and just last year I had to correct one of them as they were joking that I couldnt handle the service so my dad had to get me out. I finally looked one in the eye and said, Do you know that I was raped by an officer when I was there? That shut them up, but Ive lost interest in family gatherings. (Of course, these are the cousins who are right-of-center pro-military, never having served themselves). Questions Without Answers Ive never written this down, ever. Id told the story - to the chaplain, to my CO and his secretary, to the psychologist back home, a version to my bunkmate. As I type this right now my temples are throbbing, and my face and ears are burning and red. Ive looked back over the years and asked myself, Why did I say Id go to the film festival with him? Ive questioned my posture, my wardrobe, my jokes, my drinks. Of course, Ive questioned my timidity at the exact moment I shouldve turned into she-woman or something. I was a 20-year-old, non-sexually active moron. I was cornered, I got trapped, by a bigger man with a tiny penis. The priest could only care about abortion. My mom could only care about the local papers (although, as a mom now myself, I can imagine the pain she personally went through, trying to keep her anxiety from my younger siblings - but shes decided now, after all these years, that I made it up just to get out of the service - and I cant convince her otherwise. Ive decided not to bring it up again). No Knives, No Fists...But Still Rape I read stories of women who may or may not have been in relationships that got out of hand in the military, and I sometimes read about the young woman, beaten or worse, as she was raped. Me? Just bear-hugged overpowered and bruised – no knives, no fists. But I cant shake the sudden stomach pains I have this moment - that, and the reddened face.

Attraction in Interpersonal Relationships Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Attraction in Interpersonal Relationships - Essay Example I could say that it was her demure and reserved character, as well as her sharp mind and strong work ethic that attracted me most. She was my complete opposite when we first met, especially in terms of personality and outlook in life. She was more pragmatic, while I was more idealistic. Eventually we got used to each of our differences, but it also developed the way we were to adapt to each other. During the early years of our relationship, we had difficulty trying to understand or tolerate the polar differences between us. Some efforts led to one of us being either too distant or sensitive. I enjoyed the company of my companion a lot, but she did not feel the same level of likeness with my company, initially. As time went on, our personalities began to change towards each other’s differences. For example, my companion developed a softer and more caring personality, while I developed a more emotionally restrained and rational character. However, instead of swinging extremely to the opposite side, personality-wise, we developed a more balanced character between us. As a result, we get along better

International Human Resource Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

International Human Resource - Essay Example However, the nature of their work and the type of organization they work for will determine how these common environmental factors are perceived - whether they are seen as positive or negative, threats or opportunities Over the last two decades there has been a profound shift in thinking about the role that people play in the success of the business, with a growing view that the management of people is a key organizational capability and one, which should be highly integrated with the strategic aims of the business. A cornerstone of this notion of International human resource management is the creation of linkage or integration between the overall strategic aims of the business and the human resource strategy and implementation Managers should keep informed about important factors and developments in both their external and internal environments. They can do this by constantly 'scanning' their environment, which is, by establishing and maintaining a network of contacts, maintaining good communication channels, keeping up-to-date in their field and monitoring important issues and activities. It is not necessary to be an expert on modern day business to know that there are few organizations entirely limited by national boundaries. The smallest independent entrepreneur in the UK will have office equipment made in Japan or the USA. At the level of large trading organizations, many of these companies operate across the globe or are the competition with the companies operating in that way. It is indeed impossible for most employing organizations to act as if their world was bounded by the national border of the country that is their home base. Across the world there is increasing extension of trading blocks, increasing development of internationally operating multinational corporations (MNC's), and increasing internationalization of business. International marketing is the performance of business activities designed to plan, price promote and direct the flow of the company's goods and services to consumers or users in more than one for a profit. (Cateora & Graham 10) A key factor in the increasing internationalism of employment is that there are cultural differences between nations. There are differences in national attitudes and value systems. International human resource strategies It is argued that all international organizations will have to develop international HRM policies and practices. This will manifestly not be easy. On the other hand, it will be crucial to the success of the international business. Schuler et al (1993:721) define the field as covering Human resource management issues, functions and policies and practices that result from the strategic activities of multinational enterprises and the impact on the international concerns and the impact on the international concerns and goals of those enterprises. Most international business employ both locals and expatriates; most have overall strategies and try to be culturally aware in each country; they aim to be successful in each location, and successful overall. If they are to achieve this they will need to have clearly thought out, well integrated human resource strategies that are part of , and contribute to , their overall international